Endocrine

Hypothyroidism is when body produces insufficient thyroid hormone.

• Thyroid hormone regulates metabolism of the body.
• Thyroid hormone affects nearly every part of your body, from your heart brain, to your muscles and skin.
• Common symptoms of Hypothyroidism are; weight gain, lethargy, muscle pain, mood swings, slow heart rate, changes in menstrual cycle.
• Diagnostic criteria is raised serum TSH levels.
• Thyroid deficiency (Hypothyroidism) is balanced by supplementing with thyroid tablets (eltroxin).
• Healthy eating and exercise habits to be maintained to avoid weight gain and nutritional deficiencies.
• Discontinuation of the treatment or not taking the required dose of thyroid supplement affects heart, brain, kidneys and other vital organs.

• Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid over produces hormones.
• Common symptoms include weight loss, weakness, irregular heartbeat, and difficulty sleeping.
• Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid makes too much T4, T3, or both.
• Common treatment is to give medications which stop the thyroid from making hormones.
• Regular monitoring of the thyroid levels is important for adjusting the dosage of medications.

• Polycystic ovarian syndrome, or PCOS, is a condition in which a woman’s levels of the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone are out of balance.
• This leads to the growth of ovarian cysts (benign masses on the ovaries).
• PCOS can cause problems with a women’s menstrual cycle, fertility, cardiac function, and appearance.
• Erratic lifestyle and obesity are one of the main reasons for PCOD.
• The most common characteristic of PCOS is irregular menstrual periods. Other symptoms are weight gain, thinning of hair, acne, hoarseness of voice, facial hair.
• PCOS is diagnosed with the help of sonography report.
• Treatment involves adapting healthy lifestyle.

• A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of your thyroid gland.
• Although goiters are usually painless, a large goiter can cause a cough and make it difficult for you to swallow or breathe.
• The most common cause of goiters worldwide is a lack of iodine in the diet.
• Common symptoms are A visible swelling at the base of your neck, Coughing, Hoarseness, Difficulty swallowing.

• Viral thyroiditis caused due to an immune reaction of the thyroid gland.
• Thyroiditis includes a group of disorders that cause the thyroid to become inflamed.
• The most obvious symptom of subacute thyroiditis is pain in the neck caused by a swollen and inflamed thyroid gland.
• The inflamed thyroid gland may release too much thyroid hormone, causing symptoms ofhyperthyroidism. As the thyroid gland heals, it may release too little hormone, causing symptoms of hypothyroidism.
• Common symptoms of subacute thyroiditis include fatigue, weakness, and fever, difficulty swallowing.